Exposure to fine particles like asbestos fine fibres may cause lung cancer. For majority of the lung cancers cigarette smoke is responsible.

There are about 50 carcinogens present in tobacco smoke and cadmium, a toxic trace element is also present in tobacco which accumulates in kidneys.

Carbon particles from unfiltered exhausts from automobiles, the environmental pollutants affect the lungs.

The family history of lung cancer may also play a role in getting it and this may be due to passive smoking. Arsenic, silica and chromium in work place exposure may cause lung cancer. All metallic powders are dangerous for the lungs.